According to the Center for Biological Diversity (Tucson, Arizona) in 2018, the worst city in the world for light pollution is Saint Petersburg, Russia, where artificial lighting is 8.1 times brighter than the global urban average.
1. Saint Petersburg, Russia, 8.1 times brighter2. Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 7.4 times brighter3. Chelyabinsk, Russia, 7.1 times brighter4. Kuwait City, Kuwait, 7.0 times brighter5. Calgary, Canada, 6.6 times brighter6. Edmonton, Canada, 6.5 times brighter7. Kazan, Russia, 6.1 times brighter8. Medina, Saudi Arabia, 6.0 times brighter9. Helsinki, Finland, 5.9 times brighter10. Tangier, Morocco, 5.3 times brighter
